Consequences of the Gulf Coast Oil Spill Free Essay Example, 3500 words

Guillemots were heavily harmed by the spill, with about 22,000 of them found dead; and 153 bald eagles also found dead (Oil Spill Response, n.d). Many invertebrates also died as a result of the oil spill with almost all crustaceans disappearing and others becoming rare in the area within 2 weeks after the oil spill. There were about 1630 birds which were sent to rehabilitation centers and only 837 were released after treatment. This rehabilitation process cost Exxon about $25.3 million (Oil Spill Response, n.d). Recreational sports fishing loss was also seen after the oil spill as many fishes were killed by the oil slick. Cutler (2008) discusses that it is important to consider the impact on the number of anglers, the number of sport fishing trips, the areas fished, the species fished for, and the length of these trips . In 1989, financial losses in recreational fishing were estimated between $0 and $580 million dollars; and by 1990, the range shot up to between $3.6 million and $50.5 million (Cutler, 2008). In the spring of 1989, Alaska canceled the opening to the herring fisheries and it also restricted the salmon take (American University, 1999). As a result, fishermen lost $136.5 million in profits in 1989 alone. Apparently, as explained by the fishermen, they lost a total of $580.4 million because the oil slick also ruined the reputation of the Alaskan salmon. Other losses from the oil spill included $154.8 million due to the ecological damage and the depletion of fish stocks brought on by the oil spill to affected parts of Alaska (American University, 1999). The fishermen in the areas affected also lost the value of their fishing permits because of the oil spill. When the fishermen with fishing licenses tried to leave the business and sell their permits, they lost $23.3 million (American University, 1999). In the immediate aftermath of the oil spill, losses also registered for the sale and harvest of shrimps, crabs, and bottom fishing, and alth ough the losses in the pink salmon and herring increased from 1991 till 1992, both species decreased significantly in sales in the summer of 1993.We will write a custom essay sample on Consequences of the Gulf Coast Oil Spill or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/pageorder now

Christian Theology And The Biblical View Of Special...

â€Å"Christian theology has had to protect the biblical view of special revelation against many perversions. Platonic preoccupation with â€Å"eternal ideas† accessible by rational contemplation alone, plus the disregard of history as a meaningful arena. † Acknowledging and identifying the Four Horseman in Rev. 6:1-8 King James Version is no different in the body of the church today. Many venues have tried to explain and teach expansions views of their current teachers/shepherds that really do not qualify to have the title. Let alone study or understand the Word of God as a literal as history events that have occurred and as future events that will come. Before the digression of the information required for this DB, it is wise to back up for a moment and reintegrate the difference in tribulation and Great Tribulation. Jesus states in John 16:33 These things I have spoken unto you, that in me ye might have peace. In the world ye shall have tribulation: but be of good cheer; I have overcome the world. KJV Why is this important for one to digress? Society and some of the denominations in the world look at today’s issues (tribulations) as part of the Great Tribulation. Believing a child of God has to endure the same judgements as a non-believe. Ladies and Gentleman that is a lie. However, there is a parallel that is taking place here as in Daniel, yet it is in Zechariah 6:1-8 (KJV) In the book of Zech. 6:1-8 (KJV) there are four horsemen(chariots) the exact color as the first fourShow MoreRelatedChristian Theology And The Biblical View Of Special Revelation2036 Words   |  9 Pages â€Å"Christian theology has had to protect the biblical view of special revelation against many perversions. Platonic preoccupation with â€Å"eternal ideas† accessible by rational contemplation alone, plus the disregard of history as a meaningful arena. † Acknowledging and identifying the Four Horseman in Rev. 6:1-8 King James Version is no different in the body of the church today. Many venues have tried to explain and teach expansions views of their current teachers/shepherds that really do not qualifyRead MoreGlobal Missions Paper1189 Words   |  5 Pagesthese perspectives would influence my ministry if I were in a culturally diverse ministry setting. In 1970 there was a group of theologists who came together and wanting to liberate themselves from a traditional fundamentalist view; they formed The Latin American Theology Fraternity called The International Fellowship of Evangelical Students. There hope was to establish their own identity within the fraternity because it was not tied to anything else. They received the chance to speak at a worldwideRead MoreChristian Apologetic Mehods: A Case for Classical Apologetics 1438 Words   |  6 PagesThe aim of the Christian apologist is to appeal to the mind and to the heart of the unbeliever, with the necessary guidance and intervening of the Holy Spirit, by building a good case for the truth of Christianity. The classical method is a compelling approach because the â€Å"two-step† method establishes a strong case for the truth of theism and also creates a foundation which builds on the truth of the Christian worldview. This approach engages with natural theology but also reco gnizes that there areRead MoreChristianity And The Nature Of God1420 Words   |  6 Pagesrely upon. Both theology and our epistemological queries concerning God must be crafted from a source. Michael Bird in his Evangelical Theology notes that the prolegomena or things we say before saying anything about God must be predicated upon a critical source. This source is God’s Word and is revealed in multiple ways. If one is to conduct a Credo or apologetic stance of his Christian faith, this person ought to explain how God reveals Godself, especially through the Biblical text, but also potentiallyRead MoreAnalysis Of The Bridegroom And The Bride1278 Words   |  6 Pagesare true words of God.† Revelation 19:7-9 (NRSV) Rich in poetic verse, vivid imagery, and prophetic utterances, the apocalyptic writings of the book of Revelation has been viewed with a mix of great trepidation, wonder, and awe. Gross misunderstandings surrounding the content and meaning of this work has created in many of its readers either a hunger for clarity by way of deeper exploration, or an avoidance of the writing altogether. Unlike many other biblical texts there is no uncertaintyRead MoreTHEO 201 Quiz1 Study Guide Essay2422 Words   |  10 Pagesthe study of theology. This preparation is called prolegomena, which means â€Å"things that are said before.† Therefore, prolegomena is the introduction to the study of theology because it comes first and gives direction to the formation of one’s belief. P. 5 What are the three presuppositions of prolegomena? Prolegomena begins with the presuppostions that there is: 1) A God 2) That truth exists 3) That a person can know truth. P. 6 What is the contemporary usage of the word â€Å"theology?† . The contemporaryRead MoreIs Jesus The Only Savior? Essay2166 Words   |  9 Pagesan apologist lens, from a Christian exclusivist point of view. To answer the question of the title, Is Jesus the Only Savior, Nash first explains that there are three different views on this matter: exclusivism, inclusivism, and pluralism. Although, Nash addresses all three issues in this book, this paper will focus on the second half, which the focus is on inclusivism. In addition, to make his point of the errancy of inclusivism, Nash use two supporters of this view. Clark Pinnock and Johns SandersRead MoreInspiration of the Bible1747 Words   |  7 Pagesas an important element in the Scripture. It develop together all the accounts of Scripture and provides the most with value. The notion of the disputes according the Scripture point and inspiration case is carried throughout Orton Wileys Christian Theology. Wiley entered the dispute pretending to show the false meaning of the Bible . He clearl y stated that only three worthy monarchs, the kings have gathered a faith in their hands. It means that, they forced our Faith and put it into a false andRead MoreModern Theology: Karl Barth and Emil Brunner Essay1308 Words   |  6 Pagesand embrace the enigma of election presented in the bible. It is important to realize that there are many views pertaining to the doctrine of election ranging from prominent theologians such as Augustine and Pelagius, Calvin and Arminius, Barth and Brunner and various other theologians and their respective counterparts. Karl Barth and Emil Brunner are the giants on the subject of modern theology. Their theological insights are such that even now people are mesmerized by their incredible aptitude forRead MoreBiblical Worldview Paper : Biblical Bible1753 Words   |  8 PagesBiblical Worldview Paper Darlene Shields Theo 201-D10 April, 24, 2017 Biblical Worldview Paper Autobiography I was born to a Christian mother I had 7 brothers and sisters we wasn’t perfect but we all loved the Lord. I went to church every time the door was open I loved Sunday school and loved to sing the good ole songs that Baptist Churches sing. I am now 52 and my mind has never changed I love the Lord with all my heart and soul he has helped me so much I wouldn’t be here now if it wasn’t

Premarital Sex Essay Free Essays

Premarital Sex Premarital sex is defined as when two people begin to engage in sexual intercourse before marriage. In todays society premarital sex has become part of the norm and has been accepted. Many young adults are living together before marriage and engaging in sexual activity. We will write a custom essay sample on Premarital Sex Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now It has become apparent that more people are involving themselves in premarital sex and do not acknowledge that it is an immoral act. Sex has become a symbol for pleasure and is no longer considered sacred in today’s society. I believe sex before marriage should not be accepted and that abstinence should be promoted more. According to civil law, the church/divine law and the teachings we learned in Grade 12 religion class, premarital sex is an immoral behavior that should not be tolerated. Premarital sex has become common and acknowledged in todays society. In the Canadian government there is no law nor criminal offence towards premarital sex. The moral issue of sex before marriage has become critical in society and has become accustomed to peoples lives. â€Å"Canadian survey indicates fewer than one in 10 engaged women in the country agrees with the statement â€Å"sex before marriage is not a good idea. Weddingbells Magazine said its survey of 1,241 people found 8 percent of engaged women agreed with the statement, with only 4 percent saying their strongly agreed, CanWest News Service reported Wednesday† (UPI) This explains how many people do not take premarital sex as a wrong action but instead as a good idea. Very few people follow the moral doings of saving sex before marriage. Since the government does not have a specified law against this act it is not followed nor respected. Society has socially accepted that people, including young teens, are involved in sexual activity before marriage. Society promotes â€Å"safe sex† by engaging the use of birth control and condoms. Society gives the impression that premarital sex is tolerable as long as you’re protected. Sex has become a symbol of lust instead of what it is truly meant for, which is love. Society has taken over the meaning of intimacy and has overwritten it. The media endorses sex through famous artists, television shows as well as music. It has become apparent that most songs underlie the meaning of sex and portray the immoral act. Society constantly sends a bad message to the public causing the increase of premarital sex. Today 67% of youth are sexually active before marriage. Teenagers are about as good at contraception as they are at making their beds, doing their homework and doing their chores. Teenage girls have an average of six sex partners in high school. In 1966, 6% of white babies were born out of wedlock, now its up to 25%. In 1967, 22% of black babies were born out of wedlock. Now 66% of black babies are born out of wedlock. â€Å"(Macdonald, D) This proves the increase in sexual activity over the years and how vital it has become in our society. Statistics have increased proving that people mostly do it for pleasure instead of love. The realism is that there is no consequence regarding the law against this decision, which greatly impacts peoples choices. Society continues to acknowledge the immoral behavior causing it to become socially accepted. Premarital sex is looked upon as a sin in regards to the Catholic Church. Growing up most were always told that abstinence was a must and marriage was not acceptable if purity wasn’t present. Sex before marriage is referred to as fornication in the Bible. As Christians, The Bible is a primary source that we look to for guidance. The Bible teaches us the teachings of God as well as the sins. Premarital sex is a sin when we refer to the Bible. In the Bible it states, â€Å"Now the body is not for fornication, but for the Lord; and the Lord for the body. Flee fornication. Every sin that a man doeth is without (outside) the body; but he that commiteth fornication sinneth against his own body. â€Å"(1 Corinthians 6:13). This means that as Christians we should use our body in ways to glorify God. By committing the act of fornication we are committing a sin and are considered as evil. According to God, sex is supposed to be meant for reproduction and love, not for pleasure and lust. The act of sex is behavior that goes against our faith and beliefs. The bible is our standard of what is right and wrong. In the bible it states, â€Å"But the fearful, and unbelieving, and the abominable, and murderers, and whoremongers, and sorcerers, and idolaters, and all liars, shall have their part in the lake which burneth with fire and brimstone: which is the second death. † (Revelation 21:8). This means that God views the sin of premarital sex as equal to murder, prostitution, and lying. Even though society accepts fornication, it doesn’t mean God does. As Catholics we are to follow his blessings and teachings regardless of society. God wants us to be pure until it is the appropriate time and to flee from our selfish desires. â€Å"Flee from sexual immorality. All other sins a man commits are outside his body, but he who sins sexually sins against his own body. Do you not know that your body is a temple of the Holy Spirit, who is in you, whom you have received from God? You are not your own; you were bought at a price. Therefore honor God with your body† (1 Corinthians 6:18-20). This scripture means that premarital sex is not only a sin against God but it is also a sin against your own body. Our bodies are sacred and pure; once we have sex we loose our purity and wholesomeness. God gave us our body and we are to cherish it and respect his rules by not having sex until marriage. We are to honor God and thank him for the gift of life by becoming abstinent until married. Over the course of the grade 12 semester we learned many things that interchange with the moral reasoning of premarital sex. We learn that having sex before marriage is a maxim, something that we shouldn’t do but people do anyways. Morality is defined as the ways people obtain good through rules and laws. Ethics is defined as the search for the infinite good, which guides to morality. Growing up we learn different morals and values that we are supposed to respect and follow. Abstinence is something we learn to follow based on our religious beliefs. The morality of premarital sex is that it is wrong and it goes against our morals. Our ethics and morality is supposed to lead us to happiness and good and it is said that if we disobey the value of abstinence then we will not reach this goal. We also learned about Sigmund Freud and the three parts of our unconscious mind. When people have sex before marriage â€Å"the id† is in recognition. This part of the mind focuses on the pleasure principle and our strong desires. People are not concerned with the consequences but instead acting upon their satisfaction. When Christians have premarital sex they may form a guilty conscience. Knowing that they have disobeyed the laws of their faith they form a â€Å"well formed conscience†. A well-formed conscience is formed through Church, Scriptures and Community and usually entails recognizing ones own guilt from past wrong doings. One has a conscience knowing that they have committed a sin and went against God’s teachings. Our conscience helps us show that we recognize our wrong doings and know that we violated the church scriptures. In conclusion premarital sex has been proven that it is an immoral act and should not be accepted. There is no civil law or offence against it which makes it that much more common in society. Society promotes safe sex causing an increase in premarital sex. Society sends a sinful message to the public, impacting their decision about sex. The church boldly represents premarital sex as a sin and recognizes it as evil. According to God, sex is supposed to be meant for reproduction and love, not for pleasure and lust. We are to save our sacred bodies for marriage and anything before is referred to as disobeying God as well as your body. Premarital sex goes against our beliefs and morals. The morality of premarital sex is that it is wrong and if we deny that then we will not reach our ultimate happiness. Overall sexual activity is sinful behavior and should be saved until you marry the one special person that you are appropriately able to share your body with. Works Cited â€Å"Life is Sacred. † 16 March 2004. www. troubledwith. com/Web/groups/public//@fotf_troubledwith/docume nts/articles/ ? Macdonald, David. What’s wrong with sex before marriage? Why Choose Chastity? † October 6, 2011. http://www. davidmacd. com/catholic/chastity. htm Mcllhaney, Joe S. , Jr. M. D. â€Å"Testimony of Joe S. Mcllhaney, Jr. , M. D. † 16 March 2004: 3- 8. 23 April 2002. www. medinstitute. org/media/testimony. htm â€Å"Poll: Premarital sex OK with Canadians†, June 9, 2010. http://ww w. upi. com/Odd_News/2010/06/09/Poll-Premarital-sex-OK- with-Canadians/UPI-77871276111501/ â€Å"The Benefits of Chastity Before Marriage. † 17 March 2004. www. foreverfamilies. net/xml/articles/benefitsofchastity. aspx How to cite Premarital Sex Essay, Essays

Organizational Change Food Processing Sector

Question: Discuss about theOrganizational Changefor Food Processing Sector. Answer: Introduction: Meatpack is one of the recognized organizations operating in the food-processing sector of Australia. Although the organization primarily conducts family-owned business, the organization has been emerging successful. The founder cum CEO of the company, Derek Bison intends to improve the economic prospects of the organization, with a vision of transforming the company into a 1 million dollar company by the end of 2020, and thus has accordingly adopted organizational change strategy. Hence, the purpose of this report is to critically analyze as well as evaluate the effectiveness of the implemented strategies as far as Meatpack is concerned. Discussion: Desired Choice of the Management System and the Justification of the Same: The organizational success of a company largely relies on the effective administration as well as management of its employees, and the management style adopted by the managers of an organization always differs from that being used by the managers of a second organization. The management approach of a manager is generally divided into two types- the hands on approach style and the hands off approach style . The hands on management style usually is defined as a managerial style, where the manager gets directly involved with the daily activities of the employees, participate in each of their decisions, recommend changes if necessary and motivates them for the successful accomplishment as well. In case of this form of style, the managers are not only expected to monitor the performance of the employees on a regular basis, but also engage themselves in the professional decisions of each of his subordinates. On the other hand the hands off managerial style is one, where the leader offers g reater freedom to the employees, and the managers measure the performance of the employees at the end of periodical intervals, by looking at the percentage of the goals being achieved by each team (Lloyd and Payne 2014). In this situation, the manager does not require to offer moral support to the employees, and has sufficient confidence in the skills and expertise of the employees, who can handle their tasks in a self-sufficient way. It is important to note here that the hands-off management approach is suitable for an organization, that has already established itself as a highly recognized company, and the employees, working there can be trusted to carry their work without minimal managerial intervention. As far as Meatpack is concerned, it is important to note that the organization is still on its way to become successful, and consequently it is advised that the organization adopts the hands-on approach (Benfari 2013). First of all, it is important to note that the structure of the organization is not well-organized as the members of the senior strategy team are still quite unsure regarding the job roles they are being assigned with, or whom to report to their duties. Hence, a systematic supervision is required for the time being, instead of letting the administrative works in the hands of junior managers. Besides, it has been observed that the organization also has been recruiting employees based on employee r ecommendation, and thus the skills and expertise of many of the employees are questionable, and cannot be trusted upon. Since, Meatpack operates in the field of food-processing industry, the task of each day matters, and consequently direct supervision and active involvement of the manager is advised. Presently, it has been observed that the senior managers such as the CFO had also got some confusion with the management decisions, and started questioning and expressing doubts over the effectiveness of the same (Sallis 2014). For example, the CFO has been dubious if the decentralization of the support teams would be of any benefit, and hence through the adoption of the hands-on approach only, will Bison be able to communicate the benefits of the vision and formulated strategies of the organization (Haslam 2014). Since Bison does not consider himself fit to regularly deal and interact with a huge number of employees, it is advised that he divides the tasks into various sections, and assigns one or two administrative heads, such as departmental managers or team leads, for managing, supervising as well as reporting the team work back to Bison each day. It should be noted that since Meatpack is not involving creative activities, but rather mechanical activities, the daily targets must be achieved and regularly supervised by the manager. Hence, the adoption of the hands on style is advised (Donaldson et al. 2013 ). With the help of the hands on style, it will be possible for Bison to offer continual support and motivation necessary for the respective team members to ensure that the subordinates working under them are achieving the target at the end of each day. It is also equally important to observe here that the organization has recently been undergoing change in the organizational culture, and hence the job roles of the employees, or their attitudes towards the work, will be expected to change. Hence, it is highly important that the organization adopts the hands on approach, as the managers will necessarily need to engage themselves with the existent employees, communicate the new culture, its purpose , scope and benefits, so that the new strategy can be implemented (Moreau et al. 2015). Since some changes have been made in the administration system of the organization, it is recommended that the hands on style is adopted as it can help in guiding the employees to achieve their tasks, or else the employees might feel discouraged or intimidated by new job responsibilities, and might end up losing focus and direction. Senior Leadership Change Evaluation: It has been noted that for ensuring organizational improvement in Meatpack, Bison has also introduced senior leadership change programs that intends to change the managerial approach in a considerable way. However, it is important to examine and evaluate the effectiveness of the senior leadership changes. Effectiveness of the Senior Leadership Changes: Effectiveness of the Training Sessions Plan: First of all, Bison introduced training programs within the organization, so that the managers can be well-trained in handling the day-day activities. The executive training sessions have been largely beneficial for the senior managers, who are expected to benefit from the same. It should be observed here that if Meatpack is to adopt hands on managerial approach, it will need to ensure that the senior managers, being the representatives of each administrative unit, must be able to command, supervise and above all lead the subordinates (Goetsch and Davies 2015). Consequently, these training sessions must be largely beneficial in upgrading the leadership skills and executive skills of the senior managers. Any organization usually runs based on the strategic choices and modes o operation deemed fit by the senior managers of the organizations, and hence it becomes imperative that the managers are being enrolled in senior leadership courses that can help in addressing the unique strategic leadership needs of the senior leaders (Day et al. 2014). Hence, the implementation of these leadership programs has been highly effective. Since the organization intends to introduce a horizontal organizational structure in place of the previously prevalent hierarchical structure, the senior managers should be trained and groomed anew regarding the new responsibilities they are expected to assume (Kaminski et al. 2015). Effectiveness of the Introduction of a Horizontal Organizational Structure: Another major change introduced in the senior leadership level, is that the organization has introduced the horizontal method of administration that has replaced the old hierarchical system of administration. However, this shift from a more organized and formal system of management to an informal, friendly way of administration has its own challenges, and the same is being observed here (Ashkenas et al. 2015). The senior managers have been habituated in reporting their day to day activities to the CEO of the organization because of the so far prevalent hierarchical system of administration. However, owing to the introduction of the vertical system of administration, the senior managers are finding themselves amidst utter confusion, unable to understand to whom they should report and to whom exactly are they accountable. Any kind of drastic change in the organizational structure of a company must be accompanied by a clear flow of communication from the upper management layer to the su bordinates that probably did not happen. The senior managers as well as the subordinate employees working under them are utterly confused with the new structure, and due to lack of effective communication, many of them have expressed their discontent with the new system (Neubert et al. 2014). It should be important to note that as and when any change is being proposed in the organizational structure or culture of any company, the employees should be informed regarding its scope, failing which there can be chaos as is the case here (Guadulape et al. 2013). Besides, although the adoption of the horizontal structure of administration is expected to offer greater autonomy and freedom to the individual employees, the decentralized system may not be desirable as lack of control is likely to lead the organization to chaos and confusion. The managerial leaders are also likely to encounter challenges as they have to change their leadership styles, moving from the authoritarian style of leade rship to peer-like leadership style (Fonseca et al. 2015). Steps to Influence Change in Future: The management authority has imposed change on the employees however the introduction of change has not been accompanied by a clear flow of communication. Hence, it is imperative that Bison does communicate to the employees the scope and benefits of the change, in order to engage them more actively. The management authority must organize meetings and interactive sessions with the employees and the senior managers should communicate the nature and purpose of the change to the employees. Besides, being the CEO Bison should communicate to the senior managers, explaining their duties, changed obligations and daily tasks, so that they can communicate the same to the subordinates. It is highly important that Bison also asks the subordinates what they think about the changes in the organizational structure and organizational culture, and listen to any recommendation, suggestion or advice. The employee motivation theory upholds that it is important to engage and involve the attention of the employees in every new decision the organization undertakes, as the employees will feel valued (Cameron and Green 2015). A happy workforce is always more productive and happiness comes from active engagement. It has been challenging for the senior managers to move from the hierarchical style of administration to horizontal style, and hence the senior leaders should also be trained to adopt themselves to the peer-like leadership style. Above all, a regular evaluation of the changes strategies is also recommended. There is no point in introducing changes, if the impact of the changes is left unsupervised. At the end of each periodical interval, Bison should identify as well as resolve critical change issues arising, if any, and should offer innovative strategies to combat with the same. Effectiveness of the Flatter Structure at Meatpack: The organizational structure of an organization is usually of three types- tall, mid-sized or flat. A flat management structure is defined as an organizational structure in which the administrative roles of the middle managers are being eliminated, making the higher level management authority responsible for dealing with the staffs and the clients. As a result, the flat organizational structure is most effective in case of new start-up organizations that do eliminate the excess layer of management (Ashuri and Illan 2016). As far as Meatpack is concerned, it should be noted that the installation of the flat organizational structure has not been free of challenges and limitations. However, the chief advantage of the flat system of administration has been the fact that there is little or no managerial intervention in the decision-making process of the organization. Consequently, the employees can work with greater freedom and autonomy. There is lesser chance of red tape owing to the absence of bureaucratic process of administration (Clegg et al. 2016). Since the organization hires employees from diverse ethnic backgrounds and cultural groups, excessive intervention of managers might lead to disagreement, conflict of ideas, or even biased attitude. While initially, the hierarchical organizational structure led to aggressive behavior of the leaders, the adoption of a flat structure has helped in embracing a constructive culture, where each employee believes in co-coordinating with his colleagues to accompl ish integrated success. While earlier, the middle managers believed in exercising their power and authority over the subordinates, imposing unthinkable workload on the employees, and in turn used to get misunderstood by the employees, a more inclusive organizational culture is being created via flat structure. The senior leaders are now able to lead and guide, rather than command the subordinates. This has helped in improving the relation among the employees, ultimately leading to low turnover rates within the organization. The organization has also introduced the Rockfellar Habits that promote the habit of setting strategic goals as well as getting feedback from the senior managers regarding the accomplishment of the goals. Besides, the best part of the new organizational culture is a coordinated approach, whereby the workers of the morning shift can work in collaboration with the workers of the day shift. Since unlike the hierarchical system, communication among different departme nts do not get scattered or loose in case of flat structure, a more systematically organized way of accomplishing the tasks has been made possible. Challenges of the Changed Culture: However, the limitation of the flat structure is that the organization has not been well acquainted with this form of structure and consequently in absence of proper communication, the senior managers are undergoing much confusion regarding their job roles. For example, the CFO and the COO of Meatpack despite having a positive attitude towards the changed culture, are of the opinion that the CEO Bison should set examples of the duties and job roles expected of them (Alvesson and Sveningsson 2015). Due to the absence of a specific boss, the employees are getting confused as to who they should report their works to, and ultimately this is leading to confusion as well as power struggles. The organization should have assumed a responsibility of coming up and clearly explaining the job roles assigned to each employee. Besides, there are some employees who have been working in the organization for 10 or 15 years, and as such, these employees are inclined to resist the cultural change impos ed overnight. The organization should have communicated the purpose of the change, and should offer rewards and incentives to the employees adapting and performing best under the changed culture (Hogan and Coote 2014). Conclusion: To conclude, it must be remembered that the introduction of change in Meatpack has been a successful one, and yet it could have been much better had the management authority communicated the scope, purpose and benefits of the change. The change might not be acceptable to the old employees of the organization, and thus involving and engaging the attention of the employees with the help of effective communication, should the change must be introduced. Reference List: Alvesson, M. and Sveningsson, S., 2015.Changing organizational culture: Cultural change work in progress. Routledge. Ashkenas, R., Ulrich, D., Jick, T. and Kerr, S., 2015.The boundaryless organization: Breaking the chains of organizational structure. John Wiley Sons. Ashuri, T. and Bar-Ilan, Y., 2016. How flat organizations filter: organizational gatekeeping in a networked environment.Information, Communication Society,19(10), pp.1411-1426. Benfari, R.C., 2013.Understanding and changing your management style: Assessments and tools for self-development(Vol. 176). John Wiley Sons. Cameron, E. and Green, M., 2015.Making sense of change management: a complete guide to the models, tools and techniques of organizational change. Kogan Page Publishers. 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